Alpha-MSH
Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone
Also known as: a-MSH
The natural melanocortin hormone behind skin pigmentation, appetite, and inflammation, and the template for melanotan and related peptides.
Overview
Alpha-MSH is the natural melanocortin peptide that stimulates pigment production, influences appetite through central melanocortin receptors, and has anti-inflammatory activity. It is the biological template for the melanotan peptides and for the anti-inflammatory fragment KPV. Native alpha-MSH is short-lived; the interest lies in its receptor biology, which underpins several drugs. It is a native hormone, not a marketed product.
Mechanism of action
Agonizes melanocortin receptors to drive pigmentation (MC1R), appetite and energy balance (MC4R), and anti-inflammatory effects.
Key studies & citations
- Animal1997
Targeted disruption of the melanocortin-4 receptor results in obesity in mice
MC4R knockout mice developed hyperphagia and obesity, establishing central melanocortin signaling in body-weight control.
Cell - Review2004
Targeting melanocortin receptors as a novel strategy to control inflammation
Alpha-MSH and related melanocortins modulate fever, inflammation and food intake through five melanocortin receptors.
Pharmacological Reviews - Review2005
Anatomy and regulation of the central melanocortin system
The central melanocortin circuit integrates leptin, insulin and nutrient signals to regulate energy homeostasis.
Nature Neuroscience
Frequently asked questions
How does alpha-MSH relate to melanotan and KPV?
Melanotan peptides are engineered analogues of alpha-MSH, and KPV is its anti-inflammatory tail fragment. All derive from this one hormone.